Psalm 119:7 expresses a commitment to give thanks to God sincerely and honestly ("with uprightness of heart") when the speaker comes to understand God's righteous laws and decrees ("when I learn your righteous judgments"). Let's break down the different parts:

"I will give thanks to you": This shows a desire to express gratitude to God. Thanksgiving is a central part of worship and acknowledging God's goodness and faithfulness.

"with uprightness of heart": This emphasizes the sincerity and genuineness of the thanksgiving. "Uprightness of heart" means giving thanks not out of obligation or pretense, but from a place of genuine honesty, integrity, and purity of motive. It implies a heart that is rightly aligned with God's will and character.

"when I learn your righteous judgments": This connects the thanksgiving to the process of learning and understanding God's laws, rules, and decrees. The psalmist anticipates that as they grow in their understanding of God's justice, fairness, and wisdom as expressed in His commands, their gratitude will increase and become even more sincere. It's not just intellectual knowledge, but a deep understanding of why God's laws are righteous and good.

In essence, the verse signifies:

A desire to learn God's ways: The psalmist is committed to studying and understanding God's laws.
A promise of gratitude: As the psalmist learns, they promise to express genuine thankfulness to God.
A connection between knowledge and gratitude: The more the psalmist understands God's righteousness, the more deeply grateful they will be.
A commitment to integrity: The thanksgiving will come from a pure and honest heart, reflecting a genuine appreciation for God's character.

This verse beautifully links intellectual growth in understanding God's law with the development of heartfelt gratitude and a more upright character. The understanding of God's judgments fuels deeper thankfulness.