This verse sets the scene for a pivotal moment in Jesus' ministry. Let's break it down:

"Now while the Pharisees were gathered together...": This tells us that the Pharisees, a prominent Jewish religious and political group known for their strict adherence to Jewish law and traditions, were assembled. The implication is that they were likely discussing Jesus, planning strategies, or perhaps even hoping to trap him in a theological debate. Their gathering suggests a context of opposition and scrutiny.
"...Jesus asked them a question...": Instead of waiting to be challenged, Jesus takes the initiative. He actively engages with the Pharisees, posing a question to them. This highlights Jesus' authority and his willingness to confront those who questioned his teachings. The use of the word "question" suggests a deliberate attempt to prompt thought and challenge their assumptions.

In essence, this verse is a setup for a confrontation between Jesus and the Pharisees. It indicates that Jesus is about to challenge their understanding of scripture and ultimately, his own identity and Messiahship. It foreshadows a deeper conversation that would reveal conflicting interpretations of Jewish law and Messianic prophecy. It's important to read the verses that follow to understand the full weight and purpose of Jesus' question.