This verse is part of a larger list in Ezra chapter 8 that details the families who returned to Jerusalem from exile in Babylon with Ezra. Let's break down what it means:

"Of the sons of Shecaniah, of the sons of Parosh..." This indicates the family or clan that Zechariah belonged to. Shecaniah and Parosh were ancestral figures, likely heads of important families or clans. Zechariah was a descendant within these lines.

"Zechariah..." This is the name of the individual who led the contingent from the Shecaniah/Parosh clan back to Jerusalem.

"...and with him were listed by genealogy of the males one hundred fifty." This signifies that along with Zechariah, there were 150 men from his family line who were officially recorded in a genealogical register as returning to Jerusalem. The phrase "listed by genealogy of the males" is important because it highlights that the census primarily focused on adult men, who would have been responsible for rebuilding, defense, and the general reestablishment of the community. Women and children were likely part of these families, but the focus of this record was on the adult male population.

In essence, the verse means:

Zechariah, a descendant of Shecaniah and Parosh, led 150 men from his family/clan in the return to Jerusalem from exile, and these men were officially recorded as part of the returning population.

Significance:

This list is important because:

It demonstrates the fulfillment of God's promise: The return from exile was seen as a fulfillment of God's promise to restore Israel to their land.
It highlights the importance of genealogy: Genealogy was crucial for establishing identity, land rights, and priestly roles in the restored community.
It shows the diverse groups involved in the return: The list shows that various families and clans contributed to rebuilding Jerusalem.
It is a historical record: It provides valuable information about the demographic makeup of the returning exiles.