The verse "You shall not allow a sorceress to live" (Exodus 22:18) has been the subject of much debate and varying interpretations throughout history. Here's a breakdown of the key aspects:

Literal Meaning: The verse, in its most literal reading, commands the execution of women practicing sorcery. The Hebrew word translated as "sorceress" is "mekhashephah" (מְכַשֵּׁפָה).
Historical Context: In the ancient Near East, magic and sorcery were widely believed to be real and dangerous forces. They were often associated with malevolent spirits, curses, and harm to others. The ancient world often didn't distinguish between magic, medicine, and religion in the way we do today.
Interpretations:

Literal/Punitive: Some understand this verse as a direct command for capital punishment for anyone practicing harmful magic. This view has been used to justify violence against accused witches throughout history.
Symbolic: Some interpret it as a symbolic warning against practices that undermine faith in God or disrupt the community. This interpretation focuses on the perceived harm caused by these practices rather than a literal call for execution.
Limited Scope: Some scholars argue that the verse refers specifically to harmful sorcery, such as curses or spells intended to cause death or illness. They suggest that it does not apply to all forms of magic or divination.
Gender Bias: It is also important to acknowledge the gender bias present in this verse. Although the Hebrew word is feminine and translates to 'sorceress', some scholars claim it also encompasses men, even though there is a different Hebrew word (מְכַשֵּׁף) which means sorcerer. However, the singular use of a feminine form combined with historical persecution against women as witches leads others to believe that this law was specifically targetting women.

Theological Implications: The verse raises questions about the nature of justice, the role of punishment, and the relationship between religious law and morality. Different religious traditions and denominations have different interpretations of this verse, reflecting diverse theological perspectives.
Modern Relevance: In modern society, the verse is often viewed as problematic due to its potential for abuse and its association with historical persecution of women.
Translation Issues: Some scholars and translators suggest that the term "sorceress" may not accurately capture the meaning of the original Hebrew word. They propose alternative translations such as "poisoner" or "one who practices harmful magic."

In summary: Exodus 22:18 is a complex and controversial verse with a long history of interpretation. Its meaning and relevance are debated among scholars, theologians, and religious practitioners. While some interpret it literally as a command for capital punishment, others view it symbolically or within a limited scope. It is vital to approach this verse with critical awareness of its historical context and potential for misinterpretation.